The Balfour Declaration - a document in 1947-ish that approved the transfer of a tiny portion of land from English ownership to the nu purchases of the land, who happened to be Jewish. Chaim Weitzman and Theodore Hertzel, perhaps similar to Batman and Robin, or something.
Pre-dating 1948 - the, by far, majority of Torah Observant Jews (which, by the way, at the time, was basically 99.9% of the Jewish population in the known world) agreed that observing Jewish holidays within the existing agreement of the land being owned by the English with whomever wished to dwell there, dwell respectively. The land, for the most part, was, to many opinions, valueless. An archaic 'holy site' without visitors and only a few with the means, education and inclination to make a trek to Jerusalem.
The main reason, most likely, for the nationalistic movement known as Zionism, was simply an outgrowth of post-holocaust Nazi Germany and modernization of seemingly all aspects of life. How to cope, share and teach Jews throughout the known world would be very difficult, unless, there was some sort of centralized land mass that could discuss and think through important halachic questions regarding mitzvahs and prohibitions in the modern era.
In a super short period of time, at least according to the roughly 6,000 years of recorded history (10-20 years or so), the Jews and Israel quickly reached the world stage, despite limited population, resources and affiliation with other nations.
I'm sure however, as this site progresses, there will be a larger volume of Halal certified eating establishments within the context of the small Israeli land mass. In other words, imagine the world before nationalism where the small land mass caused no wars, conflicts or disagreements with...anyone. Nationalism, most likely, was a necessity, and for those religiously inclined, on both proverbial sides of the fence, before and after the dust settles, the cities and building and technology may be 'advanced or different' nevertheless, the people, in general, remain the same.